1. Benjamin Graham: The Father of Value Investing and His Unconventional Life
   by Kandra Hahn
   Benjamin Graham is revered among investors as the father of the style of investing known as "value investing" and as the author of The Intelligent Investor. Written in 1949 and still in print, it is routinely included in lists of the top five or ten books every investor should read. Yet, though he developed a system of research, calculation and calm rationality in investment, Benjamin Graham’s personal life was, in contrast, one of chaos, unconventionality and pain. 
2. Echoes of the Old West in Science Fiction
   by John Fockler, Jr.
   At first glance, the title of this paper appears self-contradictory. How could science fiction, typically set in the future, have anything to do with the Old West, our catchall phrase for a place bounded geographically by the Mexican and Canadian borders, the Mississippi River, and the Pacific Ocean, and a time roughly defined chronologically as from 1848 to 1900?  This paper explains how.
   
3. What is "Settled Science"?
   by David H. Berkbile
   The term "settled science" has been applied to many things in the last few years, global warning or climate change among them. The term suggests that meaningful debate on a particular point has closed, that consensus has been reached. But what does the term actually mean?  Science is always changing as new evidence is discovered.  
4. The Salisbury Prison: North Carolina's Andersonville
   by Joel R. Stegall
   The American Civil War has a few alternate designations, some startlingly inventive, like "the Late Unpleasantness"  and "the War of Northern Aggression." Whatever name we apply to that American tragedy of 1861-65, it remains a topic of continuing interest even 150 years later, with new books and documentaries constantly appearing. Even so, a few aspects of the war remain relatively little known, such as the role played by a Confederate POW camp in Salisbury, N. C. The Salisbury Prison was not as large or well known as Georgia’s Andersonville, but it meted out misery and death on similar levels of horror and revulsion. Several survivors are mentioned.  One founded what today is Duke University.  Another survivor was the great-grandfather of the author of this paper.
   
5. Toward an Understanding of the Middle Kingdom
   by M. Roy Schwarz, M.D.
   
   When Napoleon was asked about China, he said, "Let the Dragon sleep for if he awakes, the world will tremble!" There is little question that the Dragon is now awake, but should the world tremble? To answer this question requires at least some understanding of the Middle Kingdom. This paper will share insights into such an understanding based on 67 trips to China as President of the China Medical Board, a foundation created by the Rockefeller family. 
   
6. How Japan Blundered into an Unwinnable War
   by Bob Mackin
   Let's begin at the end: an underground bunker within the stone walls of the imperial palace in Tokyo on what would be the last night of Japan's unwinnable war—August 14, 1945. Inside the bunker, the air conditioner has stopped working. It is cramped, humid, hot, the mood solemn. The emperor of Japan meets with this top advisors and generals, their once resplendent uniforms soiled, collars unbuttoned. Gone are the early victories at Pearl Harbor, Wake, Bataan, Corregidor. Japan's leaders have since known nothing but defeat after defeat at Midway, Guadalcanal, Tarawa, Saipan, Okinawa.  The emperor, the son of heaven, begins to weep, and those in the bunker weep with him. Then the emperor pulls himself together and tells them he will accept the most recent offer of the new American president and surrender. At last, after some 15 years of going along with the military, he has made the decision to end the war.
   
7. Lindberg's Flight
   by Edward F. Weber
   
   In the dark of the night on May 21, 1927, Charles A. Lindbergh, 25 years old, flying alone in his single engine monoplane, "The Spirit of St. Louis," circled the Eiffel Tower at 4000 feet. The lights of Paris were twinkling below him. A few minutes later he landed his ship (as he called it) at Le Bourget Airfield. The young aviator had just completed a flight of 3600 miles which began at New York City 33 hours and 30 minutes before—the first trans-Atlantic crossing ever made by air. 150,000 French men and women swarmed across the landing strip. They pulled him from the cockpit and did not allow his feet to touch the ground until 30 minutes later. Overnight an American hero had been born.  He was lucky.  Just a short delay would have allowed several other teams to have seized the fame.